› Short-term effects:

Include increase wakefulness, physical activity, reduced appetite, increased respiration, hyperthermia, irritability, insomnia, confusion, tremors, convulsions, anxiety, paranoia and violent behavior. Hyperthermia and convulsions can result in death.

 › Long-term effects:

Increased heart rate and blood pressure and can cause irreversible damage to blood vessels in the brain, respiratory problems, irregular heart beat and extreme anorexia, coma, brain hemorrhage, cardiovascular collapse and death.

Increased risk of exposure to HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases if injected